By Sarah Owermohle, Tami Luhby, CNN
(CNN) — US Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. had another long day on Capitol Hill on Tuesday, with lawmakers questioning him on his vaccine views, agency shakeups and a proposed budget that would slash HHS spending on medical research and public health.
The secretary made his fourth and fifth appearances before congressional committees in less than a week, testifying before a House Energy and Commerce subcommittee before heading to a Senate Appropriations subcommittee.
As he had in three-hour sessions last week, Kennedy defended the administration’s budget proposal and his reforms. But he also faced some fresh questions, namely about President Donald Trump’s new pick to lead the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention — and whether the White House has sought to rope in his vaccine rhetoric.
Kennedy will testify before two more Senate committees on Wednesday; the afternoon session, with the Senate Health Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee, is expected to be the highest-profile hearing of the marathon stretch.
Here are the highlights from Kennedy’s third day of budget discussions on Capitol Hill.
Grilled on CDC pick
Trump named a nominee to lead the beleaguered CDC on Thursday, nearly eight months after the administration ousted Dr. Susan Monarez from the role over her refusal to rubber-stamp Kennedy’s vaccine decisions.
The nominee, Dr. Erica Schwartz, is a veteran of public health service and served as deputy surgeon general in the president’s first administration. Her nomination was met with cautious support from public health advocates, who questioned whether she would be allowed to lead the agency without interference.
Rep. Raul Ruiz had similar questions at Tuesday’s hearing. The California Democrat pressed Kennedy on what drove Monarez’s firing and whether Schwartz would meet the same pressure.
“Mr. Secretary, if Dr. Schwartz is confirmed, will you commit on the record today to implement whatever vaccine guidance she issues without interference?” Ruiz asked.
Kennedy replied: “I’m not going to make that kind of commitment.”
Kennedy also denied that Monarez was fired because of clashes over vaccine policy, saying — as he has before — that the scientist told him she was untrustworthy.
Monarez denied that version of events in a Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee hearing in September. The issue — and Schwartz’s autonomy if confirmed — is certain to come up in that committee’s hearing Wednesday, since that panel holds the votes to confirm health care nominees like the CDC director.
Vaccines and measles outbreak remain a focus
Kennedy could not escape questions Tuesday about his stance on vaccine safety and how that may have fueled a sharp rise in measles cases in the US. As in earlier hearings, the secretary denied that his vaccine views played a role in declining vaccination rates and disputed that he has been anti-vaccine.
“The problem is not me. There are people in this country who do not vaccinate,” Kennedy said during the House hearing.
US cases of measles surged to a record high in 2025; the government has recorded more than 1,700 cases so far this year.
Amid questions about vaccine policy changes — such as a proposal to delay hepatitis B vaccination from infancy to age 12 — Kennedy insisted that he is not against vaccines but wants more safety studies.
Vaccines are tested in some of the largest clinical trials of pharmaceutical products, often involving millions of trial participants. They are also