By Lianne Kolirin, CNN
(CNN) — Artworks by Renoir, Degas and Rodin that are believed to have been looted by the Nazis from their Jewish owners have gone on display at the Musée d’Orsay in Paris.
The museum, home to the world’s largest collection of impressionist and post-impressionist art, has this week taken a significant step in France’s effort to reckon with its dark past, opening a permanent space for work thought to have been looted by the Nazis, but whose rightful owners have not been identified.
The exhibition, titled “Who owns these works?,” is to feature a rotating selection of the 225 such pieces that are currently housed by the museum. Twelve paintings and one sculpture are currently on display.
Northern France was directly occupied by Nazi Germany during World War II, while much of the south fell under the Vichy regime, which collaborated with the Nazis and participated in the deportation of Jews to concentration camps.
Roughly 100,000 artworks were looted in France during the war, according to a report published by the Working Party on the Spoliation of Jews in France, set up by the French government in 1997.
Around 60,000 of these were recovered in Germany and Austria at the end of the war and three-quarters were returned to their rightful owners or descendants. However, some 15,000 of these pieces were not returned because their original owners’ and heirs’ identities could not be established.
Most of the works were sold off by the French state during the 1950s, according to the Musée d’Orsay’s website, but 2,200 were held back for safekeeping by the country’s national museums. As such they became the responsibility of the MNR (“Musées Nationaux Récupération” — National Museums Recovery), the museum said. Over the past 30 years, 15 MNR works held at the Musée d’Orsay have been returned to their rightful owners.
The museum has engaged a team of provenance researchers to look into the history of the unclaimed artworks, with a view to ultimately being able to restore some of them to their rightful owners.
Among the works on display is a painting by Belgian artist Alfred Stevens of his niece and nephew. According to provenance details from the museum, it was acquired “for Hitler” at a public auction in 1942 by a German art dealer. Its original owner has not been established.
Another work in the exhibition, a ballroom scene by Edgar Degas, is said to have been acquired in 1919 by Fernand Ochsé, a Jewish collector who was later deported to Auschwitz, where he was murdered.
The Musée d’Orsay’s president, Annick Lemoine, said in a press release announcing the creation of the new space that the issue of art looted by the Nazis is a “priority focus” for museums in France and is “more relevant than ever.”
“Today, by dedicating a room to these works, the museum hopes to both highli