By Audrey Ash, Priscilla Alvarez, CNN
(CNN) — President Donald Trump has heralded a $915 million incentive program and app as key tools to get undocumented immigrants to voluntarily leave the country, part of a broader push his administration credits with getting 2.2 million people to “self-deport.”
But a new document shared internally within DHS and reviewed by CNN shows that the program has helped 72,000 leave the US as of this month.
The majority who signed up were already in Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention, the document shows.
Homeland Security officials have not publicly released detailed data on how many people have left the US under the new program, which the administration argues saves money by slashing the cost of deportations. The plan, called Project Homecoming, offers stipends of up to $2,600 and free flights to immigrants to return home. Many others have left on their own without using the app, the agency said in a statement.
“DHS has been consistently clear that those who have used the CBP Home app and utilized Project Homecoming are but a fraction of the those who have voluntarily left the country because illegal aliens know President Trump is enforcing our immigration laws,” said a DHS spokesperson in a statement, adding that each self-deportation with incentives costs thousands less than a traditional deportation.
The White House did not respond to a request for comment for this story.
Some experts questioned the efficacy of the program, arguing that many of those who have chosen to leave would have likely done so anyway without the government’s intervention.
“They’re trying to claim credit for those people who are leaving but it’s not obvious to me that those people would’ve stayed in the absence of this financial incentive,” said David Bier, director of immigration studies at the Cato Institute.
It’s unclear what metric DHS has used to claim that 2.2 million people have self-deported as of January. That number likely includes thousands who have left voluntarily without engaging with Project Homecoming – either because they didn’t want to notify the government of their movements or because they were unaware of the program.
While the financial incentives are new, voluntary departure, which allows noncitizens to leave the country without the penalties associated with a removal order, already existed as a legal option under previous administrations.
More than 35,000 immigration court cases have ended in “voluntary departure” for the fiscal year of 2025, up from around 9,000 the previous fiscal year, according to data from Syracuse University’s Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse. It’s unclear how many of the people involved in those 35,000 cases used Project Homecoming.
“Every year, there’s hundreds of thousands of people who leave the United States on their own, voluntarily, for various reasons,” Bier said. “Before this app, that was a zero cost to the government. Nothing was being expended on people leaving the country.”
‘Book your free flight right now’
When the White House announced Project Homecoming last May, Trump hailed it as a powerful new tool. “To all illegal aliens: book your free flight right now,” he urged in a video posted to Truth Social.
The administration took to the airwaves in multimillion-dollar ad campaigns to encourage anyone in the US illegally to leave and launched a social media blitz that’s included an array of posters marketing free flights home. “Home is just a few clicks away!” said a recent X post by DHS.
Initially, the program offered immigrants a $1,000 stipend to be paid after confirmation through the ap