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If you’re a small business owner or entrepreneur with a limited liability company (LLC), you have to understand your tax rate. The tax rate for LLCs depends on their structure, income level, and state of registration.
This guide covers LLC tax rates for tax year 2025, which applies to returns filed in early 2026 (by March 15 for multi-member LLCs and April 15 for single-member LLCs). Ramp will explain how LLCs are taxed at both the federal and state levels, outline the self-employment tax burden, and provide actionable tips to minimize your LLC’s tax liability.
What is an LLC, and how are LLCs taxed?
An LLC combines the personal liability protection of a corporation with the flexible taxation of a sole proprietorship or partnership. As an LLC owner, you benefit from personal asset protection that shields your personal assets from business debts or legal issues.
Your LLC tax burden depends on its structure.
1. Single-member LLC
A single-member LLC is treated as a sole proprietorship for income tax purposes. The LLC does not pay taxes as a separate entity. Instead, the owner reports the LLC’s expenses and business income on their personal income tax return, typically using Schedule C of Form 1040. The LLC’s profits are taxed at the individual’s personal income tax rate, and the owner also pays self-employment tax on the profits.
The self-employment tax rate is 15.3%, covering Social Security (12.4%) and Medicare (2.9%) taxes. For the 2025 tax year, Social Security tax applies to earnings up to $160,200, and Medicare tax applies to all net earnings, with an additional 0.9% surtax on earnings over $200,000 for individuals.
2. Multi-member LLC
A multi-member LLC is typically taxed as a partnership, meaning the LLC itself does not pay federal income tax. Instead, business profits and losses pass through to the members, who report them on their personal income tax returns.
Each member receives a Schedule K-1, which details their share of the LLC’s income, deductions, and credits. Members are also responsible for paying self-employment tax on their share of the LLC’s net income unless the LLC elects S corp taxation.
3. LLC taxed as an S corp
An LLC can elect to be taxed as an S corp to reduce self-employment taxes. With an S corp, owners must take a reasonable salary, which is subject to payroll taxes. The remaining business profits can be distributed as dividends, which are not subject to self-employment tax.
To qualify for S corp status, the LLC must meet specific IRS requirements, such as having no more than 100 members and only one class of stock.
4. LLC taxed as a C corp
An LLC can opt to be taxed as a C corp by filing Form 8832. This changes the tax treatment, making the LLC subject to the corporate income tax rate, which is currently 21%. This results in double taxation: The LLC pays taxes on profits, and then dividends distributed to owners are