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A diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is devastating news. Though it makes up only about 3% of cancers in the United States, it’s one of the deadliest, and on track for a dark achievement: By 2030, it’s expected to kill more people in the United States than any cancer except for lung cancer. This apparent paradox is rising because screening and treatments for other cancers have surged ahead, while pancreatic cancer has remained tricky both to identify and to treat, Knowable Magazine reports.
Nonetheless, there’s reason for hope, says Anna Berkenblit, chief scientific and medical officer for the Pancreatic Cancer Action Network in El Segundo, California, which supports research and helps patients. Scientists are testing new medicines that disable drivers of cancer that were once considered undruggable. They’re training patients’ immune systems to attack tumors once thought to be invisible to the body’s defenses. And they’re harnessing artificial intelligence to catch pancreatic cancer in early, vulnerable stages.
“The goal is to transform pancreatic cancer into a curable disease,” says Andrew Rakeman, vice president of research for the Lustgarten Foundation on Long Island, New York, which supports science on pancreatic cancer. Or, at least, “something that’s survivable, and livable, and can become more of a chronic condition.”
The five-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer is a dismal 13%. That’s partly because pancreatic tumors surround themselves in dense, scar-like tissue, blocking medicines and immune cells. Small tumors advance quickly but often go unnoticed until they’ve spread, making it too late for surgeons to remove all the cancer.
One of the biggest hopes right now is medicines that target a protein called KRAS, which is part of a cell’s growth-control machinery. In more than 90% of pancreatic cancers, mutated versions of KRAS get stuck in the “on” position, so cells divide uncontrollably.
Cancer biologists would love to shove a stick into the machinery of KRAS, but they’ve struggled to find a place to jam that stick. “People have described it to me as like a small, greasy ball … there’s no kind of pocket to stick an inhibitor in,” says cancer biologist Paige Ferguson of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York, who cowrote an article about the challenges of treating pancreatic cancer in the 2025 Annual Review of Cancer Biology.
So researchers took a different tack: They were able to design a drug that attaches to a different cell protein. That drug/protein duo then grabs KRAS, stifling its dirty work. In an early trial, 38 people with pancreatic cancer receiving the drug, daraxonrasib, survived for more than eight months, on average, wit