By Madeline Holcombe, CNN
(CNN) — Lunch of grilled chicken, brown rice and steamed broccoli, and then dinner of salmon, sweet potato, and a green salad dressed with only olive oil. Oh, and keep each element under 4 ounces and the whole day of eating at about 1,500 calories.
Does that sound like enough food for any 15-year-old boy you know? Well, it is what AI recommended for one.
If a teen is interested in losing weight, chances are they may turn to artificial intelligence platforms to get advice.
But that could cause trouble.
The AI advice they get may be to keep their calories and nutrients drastically below their daily needs, according to a new study published Thursday in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition.
Those AI meal plans for teens asking to lose weight had an average of 700 fewer calories per day than recommended by human dietitians, said lead study author Dr. Ayşe Betül Bilen, assistant professor in the department of nutrition and dietetics at Istanbul Atlas University in Turkey.
The plans also had significant discrepancies when it came to protein, fats and carbohydrates.
The problem is particularly concerning considering how prevalent both weight-loss attempts and AI use are among teens, said Dr. Jason Nagata, associate professor of pediatrics at the University of California, San Francisco. He was not involved in the research.
Nearly 48% of teens 16 and older reported attempting to lose weight within the past year, according to a January study. And a Pew Research Center survey found that nearly two-thirds of teens reported using chatbots, with about 30% saying they use them every day. So, it’s not surprising to see adolescents use chatbots to learn how to diet.
“While these technologies can be useful for general information, they should not replace professional guidance — especially for children and adolescents whose nutritional needs are unique,” Bilen said.
Not enough calories, wrong nutrients
Although generative AI platforms are widely used by teens, researchers –– and the public –– still don’t know a lot about the kinds of information teens are getting from AI.
To investigate the quality of nutrition information provided by AI platforms, researchers created four profiles of 15-year-olds: two boys and two girls, each with one classified as overweight and one as obese by body mass index, or BMI, according to the study.
Using each of these profiles, the researchers asked five different AI models for a three-day meal plan with the understanding that the individuals profiled wanted to lose weight.
The meal plans were compared against guidance from dietitians. Not only did the AI-generated plans incorporate a greater calorie deficit, but the protein and fats were significantly higher than the levels recommended by the dietitian and the carbohydrates were much lower.
“For adolescents, who are in a critical period of growth and development, these imbalances could potentially be problematic if followed long term,” Bilen said.
Risks to growth and development
Inaccurate guida