By Hadas Gold, CNN
(CNN) — American AI company Anthropic has until 5:01 pm ET to give in to the Pentagon’s demands or face being labeled a “supply chain risk,” a type of designation usually reserved for companies thought to be extensions of foreign adversaries.
The Pentagon, which uses Anthropic’s Claude AI system on its classified networks, wants to be able to use it for “all lawful purposes.” But Anthropic has two redlines for the Pentagon: that Claude will not be used in autonomous weapons, and that it will not be used in the mass surveillance of US citizens.
Anthropic on Thursday announced it has no intention of acquiescing.
“Threats do not change our position: we cannot in good conscience accede to their request,” the company’s CEO said in a statement.
The Pentagon claims that it has no interest in using AI for either purpose and that it needs the freedom to use the technology it is licensing.
“This is a simple, common-sense request that will prevent Anthropic from jeopardizing critical military operations and potentially putting our warfighters at risk,” Pentagon spokesperson Sean Parnell wrote on X. “We will not let ANY company dictate the terms regarding how we make operational decisions.”
It all came to a head on Tuesday at a high stakes meeting at the Pentagon between Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth and Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei.
While a source familiar with the situation said the meeting was cordial, Pentagon officials did not just threaten to cancel Anthropic’s $200 million contract with them, but also a designation that could threaten their bottom line.
What work did Anthropic do with the Pentagon?
Anthropic’s Claude was the first AI model to work on the military’s classified networks. The company struck a contract worth up to $200 million with the Pentagon last summer. Other major AI companies like OpenAI have only struck deals with the Pentagon on their unclassified networks.
Within Anthropic’s “acceptable use policy” in the contract are prohibitions against the use of Claude in mass surveillance and autonomous weapons.
“This dispute comes at an awkward time because on the one hand, the user base within the Department of Defense loves Anthropic, loves Claude, and says that their restrictions on usage, at least from the conversations that I have been having, have never been triggered,” Gregory Allen, a senior advisor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, said on Bloomberg Radio.
But the Pentagon doesn’t want to be constrained by a company’s policies. A Pentagon official told CNN: “You can’t lead tactical (operations) by exception,” and “legality is the Pentagon’s responsibility as the end user.”
In the Pentagon’s view, it doesn’t want to be in the middle of a national security situation, needing to ask a company for permission and guardrails to be dropped.
Cutting ties with Anthropic could be a headache for the Pentagon as well, considering they would need to replace any internal systems that use Claude. Though a Pentagon official said Elon Musk’s Grok AI system is “on board with being used in a classified setting,” Grok is not viewed as being as advanced as Claude.
How does this affect Anthropic’s business?
Losing a $200 million contract would not pose an existential threat for Anthropic, which was recently valued at around $380 billion. The bigger risk is that it gets labeled a supply chain risk, which means any company works with the US military would have to prove that they don’t touch anything related to Anthropic in their work with the Pentagon. Much of Anthropic’s success stems from its enterprise contracts with big companies – many of which may have contracts with the Pentagon.
“It means that An