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Congratulations, you’ve received a job offer that includes equity compensation. Getting an equity grant is always exciting, but before you go on a spending spree, you need to understand what you’re actually getting. Too many job candidates accept equity packages without asking the right questions, only to discover later that their “valuable” equity grant isn’t really worth what they thought.
When job seekers truly understand their equity compensation—including vesting mechanics and realistic valuation scenarios—they make better decisions and join companies with appropriate expectations. This benefits everyone: new employees, recruiters, and hiring managers.
With this in mind, Pave, a compensation intelligence platform used by more than 8,600 companies, shares five important things you need to know about any equity award before signing on the dotted line.
What Type of Equity Award Am I Getting?
Every equity award vehicle, or equity type, works in unique ways and has different financial implications for employees. This story will focus on the two most common award vehicles: stock options and restricted stock units (RSUs).
Stock options, which are most commonly used at early stage private companies, give you the right to buy company shares in the future at a fixed price (i.e., the “strike price”) once certain vesting requirements are met. However, these awards can lose their value if the company’s stock price drops below the strike price.
Meanwhile, RSUs, which are most commonly used at late-stage private companies and public companies, represent shares in the company you will receive once certain vesting requirements are met. RSUs always have some value so long as the company remains in business.
Digging a bit deeper, there are also different types of stock options to be aware of, which have specific tax implications. Incentive stock options (ISOs) offer preferential tax treatment to employees but come with certain restrictions. In contrast, nonqualified stock options (NQSOs) are more flexible but create ordinary income tax when they are exercised. RSUs are taxed as ordinary income when they vest, even if shares are not sold.
Understanding the type of equity award you’re about to receive will help you set realistic expectations and plan for taxable events. Don’t assume all equity awards work the same way, and it is always wise to consult with a tax professional before receiving or selling equity.
The vesting schedule of your equity award determines when you actually get your equity. When stock options vest, you have the right to exercise your options and get shares, and when RSUs vest, you instantly become a shareholder.
Vesting schedules vary widely. At private technology companies, awards typically have a four-year overall vesting period with shares earned at different intervals over that timeframe. At public technology companies, the prevalence of awards with three-year vesting periods is climbing.
Pay particular attention to so-called “cliff vesting” events in your awards, as they represent significant financial risk if you leave or